Recreating Medieval floor tiles
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Recreating Medieval Floor Tiles

Author

Tom Chamberlain

The purpose of this blog is to document and record my experiences in trying to recreate medieval floor tiles. To my knowledge there is no such record elsewhere and we risk losing the skills once again. Medieval floor tile making first came into this country from the Low Countries in early 13 century and their use and development probably peaked at the end of that century. With the dissolution of the monasteries in 1536 floor tile manufacture stopped and many of the ‘pavements’ and skill sets were lost.

I anticipate that I will only post periodical and spasmodically. Some posts will look at the history of the tile making, others will document the skills and techniques I have developed and yet other posts will chronicle my progress in making tile ‘pavements’. My initial projects looked to recreate the tile patterns found in Winchester and else where in South England. These tiles have been drawn together in the spirit of a needlework ‘sampler’ to show what I have learnt. My second project is trying to re-create the original ‘roundels’ from Muchelney Abbey and I am just starting to look at how the mosaic pavements were created in the Cistercian Abbeys of Yorkshire.

Firing

intro
clay
Medieval potters fired their tiles in simple, wood fired kilns. These have not survived well in the archaeological record so we have little detail. The kilns at Clarendon…
Jul 29, 2025
Tom Chamberlain

Glaze

intro
clay
Medieval floor tiles are made from red coloured, high iron clays and fired to earthenware temperatures. In such a firing the clay has changed so that it will no longer mix…
Jul 29, 2025
Tom Chamberlain

Clays

intro
clay
Finding clay suitable for making floor tiles is not that difficult. Almost any red/brown clay that could be used for brick making will suffice and such clays are commonplace…
Jul 10, 2025
Tom Chamberlain

Project One - a tile sampler

intro
clay
When I first started making tiles during the summer of 2024 I experimented with stamps and moulds and addressed some of the the issues of clays, inlays and glazes. The pile…
Jul 10, 2025
Tom Chamberlain

Project Three - the Yorkshire mosaics

intro
clay
This project seeks to re-create the mosaics found at the Cistercian Abbeys in Yorkshire. Many of the originals have been moved to new locations and are badly worn from the…
Jul 10, 2025
Tom Chamberlain

Project Two - the Muchelney Roundel

intro
clay
This project is trying to replicate the roundel found in Muchelney Church in Somerset. The original roundel was removed by the Victorians during excavations of the ruins of…
Jul 10, 2025
Tom Chamberlain

Scale of Production

intro
Assuming a fired tile is 6 inches square (they are often smaller) there are 36 tiles to a square yard and an area 10 yards by 10 yards would have required 3600 tiles. Public…
Jul 10, 2025
Tom Chamberlain

Tile designs

intro
glaze
This post will concentrate on the ‘Wessex style’ tiles where white clay is inlaid into indents in a tile made from red clay.
Jul 10, 2025
Tom Chamberlain
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